The Textile Association (India) is proud to present this path breaking research work of considerable practical use to the cotton spinners of the world.

We thank the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, for their financial support for spreading this work and several others (planned) from Indian R & D through the internet for use by the world textile fraternity.

About This Website

The table below gives you data on two cottons.

Which of the two cottons would you buy to spin NE 40 (15 tex) hosiery yarn? Again which of the two would you buy to spin NE 30 (20 tex) warp yarn? In order to answer these questions you need to be able to fill the following table.

Is it at all possible to do this with the available fibre test data? Or do we need to get some more fibre tests done? Which tests? The work on The General Equation For Estimating Ringspun Yarn Tenacity was undertaken to answer these questions. This monograph reports the successful outcome from the work.

Each part is self-contained so that you may go straight on to your choice; you will not have to criss-cross, even to study a table or a figure that is being referred to.
The Executive Summary is just that.

Part I deals with

PART II deals with

A Time To Remember

I started on my quest of a general equation for estimating cotton yarn CSP in 1971 with S. Bandyopadhyaya and Ganesh K, then my colleagues in A.T.I.R.A. In the next stage Ganesh and I worked together. Soon thereafter, Ganesh left ATIRA. Then I worked for a short while with P. Neelakantan. In 1975 I myself left ATIRA for a tenure in industry. I returned to ATIRA in 1980, and with Dhawan as co-worker, made a new start.

Until 1984 my quest turned out to be more like a Sunday treasure hunt that urban automobile associations organize. You locate a clue only to learn how to look for the next. Unlike in the treasure hunt, however, Bandyopadhyay, Ganesh and I passed on the clues we located to other competitors by a paper in The Journal of The Textile Institute. Ganesh, Neelakantan, Dhawan and I published our findings too.

From 1985 onwards I was on my own. I then happened to re-read E. Lord’s very illuminative analysis of the appropriate gauge-length for fibre-bundle tenacity test to use in yarn tenacity equations.

This helped me get the pieces of the puzzle dovetail. During the period 1985 to 1991, I used to submit reports on the progress of work to The Expert Panel that annually reviewed the research work of ATIRA in spinning. When I retired from ATIRA in 1991 the equation had reached its stage of finality.

In 1999 by his gift of a computer and his unstinting support to me in its use, my son P.S.Bharadhwaj motivated me to take up where I had left off in 1991; Mr. A. Hirway had very considerately arranged for the safe-keeping of all my notes and calculation sheets, and got them returned to me when I needed them. Between them they enabled me to improve upon parts of the equation, check through the calculations, and write the work for publication. My wife Vijayalakshmi optimistically let me brood over the computer hours on end, even in retirement, often propping me up with cups of hot coffee or tea.

All along the years, my conviction that more work on the CSP equation was very necessary got confirmation in the intermittent appearance of publications on the subject: Neelakantan’s paper in Bremen Cotton Conference, 1992; SITRA booklet 2002; an article in the International Textile Bulletin in 2003. In April 2003 I got the first draft of the manuscript ready. In  August 2004 International Textile Bulletin published my paper announcing the availability of The General Equation For Estimating Cotton Yarn Tenacity.

In September 2004 Mr. M. C. Paliwal, a doyen of the Textile Association (India), took up the publication of the work as a monograph with Mr. Ashok Garde, The Chairman of The Book Publication Committee, Textile Association (India). Mr. Garde offered to get the monograph published by TAI. I thank both of them for enabling me to share this work with all those interested in this area.

As this is going on to the website, I recall some cherished professional associations. In the later half of the nineties the Members of the ATIRA Expert Panel in Spinning cheered me to plod along, when at times the goal appeared elusive. I remember in particular Dr. P. R. Roy, Mr. Purandare and the Late Ishwerbhai Shah. During those years my friend Mr. Lavkumar Kantilal also urged me to persist reiterating that the stakes were worth the trudge.

With profound gratitude and affection, I remember two past directors of ATIRA, Dr. T.S.Subramanian and Dr. P.C.Mehta who often condoned my foibles and motivated me to give of my best.

I thank Dr. Gharia, the director, ATIRA, for kindly allowing me to incorporate in the monograph work done in ATIRA years after my retiring from ATIRA.

T. A. Subramanian
Psbad1@ sancharnet.in
January 5, 2006.